雅思填空题中的应用

很多考生给出来答案明明很接近，但是还是得分。尤其是在填空题中出现并列的时候，就是我常说的and，as well as等，考生很容易填错，今天小编给大家带来了雅思填空题中的应用,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。

雅思填空题中的应用

对于很多雅思阅读填空题中，如果题目出现and，as well as等信号，表明这个是关于阅读填空题并列的考点。首先，题目中如果遇到as well as的时候，考生需要知道的是as well as = and，我们可以从下面例子看出。

问题：Metacognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies, as well as developing .

原文：To be at their most effective in their self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning — metacognition — which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice of what to learn.Emotional awarenessis also part of metacognition, so children should be helped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or confidence, for example.

上述例子，很多考生是不理解Metacognition这个单词的意思，其实遇到这种词汇，我们不需要了解意思，我们知道cognition是认知的意思，因此可以理解为某种认知。即翻译为这个认知需要孩子理解他们自己的学习策略和发展。通常考生首先要明确这是填空题并列的考点，信号是as well as，说明learning strategies跟as well as developing关系是一致的。因此我们可以在原文章找到红字部分中包含的learning strategies确定答案位置，再从理解上发现Emotional awareness是答案。

前面讲到as well as在雅思阅读填空题中表示并列，此外逗号也可以表示并列关系中的and，即“,”= and.我们可以从下面的例子可以看出。

问题：Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are and sunny.

原文：It has also been recognized for decades that the best conditions for intense red colors are dry, sunny days and cool nights, conditions that nicely match those that make leaves susceptible toexcess light.

上述题目翻译为当白天天气怎么样和有阳光，红叶就会变得很多。And表明是填空题中并列的考点。从原文标红处可以发现red colors are dry，sunny days这个关键词。正好切合上述所说“,”= and，因此这题的答案就是dry。我们再来看一个例子，也是关于句号等于and.

问题：The Lapita explored and colonised many Pacific islands over several centuries. They took many things with them on their voyages including and tools.

原文：They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives—their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

从问题可以翻译为Lapita已经探索和殖民了众多太平洋小岛很多年了，随着旅行队伍带来了很多工具和某种。这里需要考生知道的是and前面跟着的是什么东西。因此我们可以从原文发现tools这个信号。此时很多考生会写成taro seedlings，这是错误的，因为原文中的and是和tool表并列，是一个意思。因此需要考生知道“,”= and这个方法，这样才能发现livestock就是答案。

雅思阅读材料：电影院里的骗局

In 2013, China achieved a record-breaking high for its film industry's box-office revenues, which officially register at 21.769 billion yuan ($3.59 billion). But according to Wang Changtian, CEO of Enlight, that was at least 5 billion yuan short of the real number. Other experts put the gap at 2.4 billion, explaining the reported box-office figure at 10 percent less than the real one. That gap is someone's windfall, illegally pocketed by cinema owners and operators, professionally known as film exhibitors. And the regulating agency is getting tough on this kind of theft.

Wang Changtian has reasons to be angry. Over the Lunar New Year season that has recently wound down, he received on his microblog numerous audience reports, complete with photos, of tickets to Dad, Where Are We Going?, a runaway hit his company distributes. The tickets had no movie title printed on them or the prices printed were lower than what was actually paid by the moviegoers - all signs that the movie's revenues were not correctly registered.

The earliest manifestation of the shady practice of "box-office stealing" loomed a few years ago when individual moviegoers posted suspicious tickets online. Tickets of this type usually had movie title "A" computer-printed on it, but the printed title was scratched out by hand and title "B" written in. Fingers were pointed at the producer or distributor of title A, but more likely it was the movie theater that was behind it. The reason could be simple: Film A gives the exhibitor a larger share of the revenue than film B.

However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Industry insiders reveal it was much worse before computer systems were installed in the nation's cinemas, and of course, before social media websites turned everyone into a potential reporter of such business deceit. As a matter of fact, some cinema investors were not even aware that they had to split their revenue with other parties. "This phenomenon started from the age of planned economy," says Mao Yu, deputy director of the Film Bureau, a branch of the regulating agency.

But it may have turned from guerrilla tactics to larger-scale con games. For group purchases, violators would not even issue tickets, essentially not reporting a single cent of revenue from a whole screening. Since a representative of the group usually deals with the cinema, unless he or she specifically demands a printed ticket for each member of the group, all of them would be in the dark about income reporting from the cinema to the distributor.

Another trick lies in membership dues, which are often collected up front. When a paid member reimburses for a ticket, it may have only the screening room on it, and the exhibitors can choose to credit it to any movie they like, or not to any movie, in which case they pocket 100 percent of the revenue.

Some cinemas would go as far as investing in a separate point-of-sale computer system so that each ticket buyer gets the right ticket, but none of the data shows up on the centralized system. Instead, another set of credible purchase data would be put in the correct system, but with lower attendance.

Both distributors and exhibitors that I spoke to agree that cheating is much less rampant than before, say a dozen years ago, and now is mostly limited to third and fourth-tier cities. China Film Group, the nation's largest film production and distribution company, heads a consortium with several major private companies that hires 1,000 people to monitor cinemas nationwide, and Huaxia, another State-owned company, has a smaller army of 800.

However, there are situations even these sharp-eyed monitors can do little about. For example, if a cinema sells a ticket for 80 yuan, which is normal for primetime, but gives away a free popcorn, it may attribute as much as 60 yuan of the ticket price to the popcorn, leaving only 20 as the ticket price. But it can argue that 20 yuan is the minimum price for this particular film agreed upon by both sides and therefore it does not violate any rule.

A similar scheme was employed when Transformers 3 was bundled with Yang Shanzhou, a very small film with little box-office potential, making the latter into a strange film with eye-popping revenue (79 million yuan) but disproportionately fewer people who actually bothered to see it. There were sporadic online complaints about the practice even though consumers did not pay more for the package deal.

The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, the regulating agency, announced measures in late January to curb under-reporting and cheating on box-office revenues. A special fund is set up to subsidize the upgrading of computer software at point of sale. The current system was installed in 2005 and "cannot keep up with the new situation", in the words of Jiang Tao, director of the fund. "The new system will fix loopholes and shorten the reporting window to only 10 minutes after a sale is made instead of waiting till next noon, which is the current reporting lapse in time, which leaves room for manipulation. The national platform will be ready by May and the cinema side will complete their upgrading by October."

Apart from putting a stamp of authorization on all sales systems, SAPPRFT insists that all film tickets carry correct prices and movie admission. But conspicuously absent are concrete penalties for violations. The software upgrade will certainly be a great help, admit distributors and exhibitors, but it may not be enough.

"The cost of violation is still too low. If you're caught under-reporting 10 tickets, all you need to do is make up for the shortfall," says Huang Ziyan, vice-president of Le Vision Pictures in charge of sales.

Cao Yong, a manager with the Huaxing UME cinema chain, suggests that violators should have their business license revoked. "Cinemas invest tens of millions of yuan and, with punishment of this severity, it would not make sense for them to steal 80,000 or 100,000 yuan from the box office."

Other ideas have been floated such as the use of an infra-red camera that automatically scans a movie theater for attendance. The technology has been available for eight or nine years and it claims to have 95 percent accuracy. But it has never been put into use.

Filmmakers are reluctant to stand firm when they become victims because they do not want to offend the exhibition branch of the business chain - the branch that deals directly with end users. Some say they are no longer sad at the irregularity, but have come to the stage of despair.

This time it's for real, and "we'll cleanse the industry of this illegal and irregular behavior", says Zhang Hongsen, director of SAPPRFT's Film Bureau.

2013年，中国电影行业票房收入创下历史新高，据官方统计，收入达217.69亿元人民币(35.9亿美元)。据光线传媒总裁王长田透露，这一数字比实际数字少了至少50亿元。还有专家认为二者之间相差24亿元，票房上报数字与实际数字之间相差至少10%。其中的差额，进了一些人的腰包，成为了放映方，即影院所有人和经营者的非法收入。监管机构开始对此类事件进行严肃管理。

王长田的气愤是有理由的。在刚刚结束的春节档期，他的微博上收到许多观众留言，并附上电影《爸爸去哪儿》的电影票照片。这部电影是光线传媒公司发行的热门影片。有的电影票上没有电影的名字，而一些电影票上标出的价格要低于观众实际购票的价格。这些都说明上报的电影收入并不真实。

几年以前，就有观众将可疑的电影票上传到网上，那时候就出现了“偷票房”的恶劣行为。电脑打出的电影票上往往标记为A电影，但后来被涂改成B。有人指责A电影出品人和发行人，而幕后的操作者更有可能是影院方面的人员。原因很简单。相比B电影而言，放映方从A影片中得到的收入更多。

但这只是冰山一角。业内人士透露，在中国电影院尚未安装电脑系统，社交网站还没有让所有人都成为此类商业骗行的潜在报道者之前，这类事件要更加严重。事实上，部分电影投资者甚至根本不知道，其他人在分享他们的收入。电影监管机构、国家新闻出版广电总局电影局副局长毛羽说，"计划经济时代就出现了这种现象"。

但是，这已经从零散的现象，变成了规模巨大的骗局。违反规定的人甚至不会给团购观众发放电影票，在整场放映中基本不上报一分钱的收入。只有团购代表会与电影院直接打交道，所以如果他没有提出特殊要求，为每一位成员打印电影票，在电影院上报给发行方的收入报告中，是不会显示团购情况的。

在会费方面也会耍手腕，因为会费是提前收取的。会员的电影票上只显示在几号放映厅，放映方可以将电影票任意对应到别的影片上，或者根本不记录会员看过电影，这样他们就可以私吞所有的收入。

一些影院投资了单独的零售电脑系统，可以让购票者买到正确的电影票，同时不会让中央系统中显示任何数据。而另外一组可信的购买数据会被输入正确的系统中，但显示的上座率较低。

我了解到的发行商和放映方都认为如今的欺骗行为较从前，就是十几年前，收敛了很多;现在只有三、四线城市会出现这样的行为。中国的电影制作和发行公司中国电影集团同数家大型私人公司共同组建并领导了一个协会，雇佣1000人监督全国的影院。另一家国有电影公司华夏电影公司也拥有一支八百人的队伍。

但是，即使是这些精明的监督者也有力所不及的情况。例如，影院出售一张80元的电影票(热映电影的正常票价)，同时赠送免费的爆米花。这时候，爆米花可能占去票价中的60元，而电影票只能占票价中的20元。电影院声称，双方商议的影片价格就是20元，因此影院没有违反任何规定。

《变形金刚3》同票房潜力很小的小制作电影《杨善洲》捆绑，让后者取得了令人震惊的票房收入(7900万元)，但是这一数字同极少量的观影人数并不相符。这是一种类似的手段。虽然消费者不会为这样的捆绑交易多付钱，但网上还是有一些对这类行为的投诉。

作为监管机构，国家新闻出版广电总局一月底公布了治理虚报、谎报票房收入的办法。成立专门基金，补贴销售点电脑软件的升级。国家电影专资办主任姜涛表示，安装于2005年的现行系统“跟不上新情况”。

“新系统会修补漏洞，销售结束十分钟以后即结束上报窗口，而不再等到第二天中午”，延缓上报时间，会为弄虚作假留下空间。五月即将建成平台，影院方面将于十月完成升级。

除了对所有销售系统进行管理，国家新闻出版广电总局坚持要求所有电影票显示正确的价格和入场费。但没有对违反规定的具体处罚措施。发行方和放映方承认，软件更新一定会提供很大帮助，但帮助可能不够。

“违反规定的代价还是太低了。如果被发现虚报了10次票价，只需要补上缺口即可，”乐视影业市场副总裁黄紫燕说。

华星UME影城的经理曹勇建议吊销违反规定的单位的营业执照。“电影院的投资上千万，这样严厉的惩罚，会让他们觉得为了8万、10万的票房受这样的惩罚划不来。”

还有人想到其他办法，如运用可以自动扫描影院放映厅上座率的红外摄像机。未来8到9年，将可以利用这项技术，据称这项技术的准确率为95%。但现在这项技术尚未得到使用。

电影制作方在受到损失时，不愿意太过严厉，因为他们不想得罪放映方，原因在于在商业链上放映方所处的环节直接接触终端用户。一些人说不再为这样的不规矩行为感到难过，而是开始失望。

这一次真的要采取行动，“我们要肃清行业中的这类非法，违规行为”，国家新闻出版广电总局电影局局长张宏森说。

雅思阅读材料：如何做一个早起鸟

At 6 AM, most of us are lucky if we have the energy to reach for a cup of coffee. Mornings may be rough, but hold off on sleeping in. There are perks to waking up with the sun, and we've got some tips on making it easier.

早上6:00，大部分人估计都没那本事爬起来冲杯咖啡吧?早上是痛苦的，赖床怎么也赖不够。不过，还是有办法能让你伴着阳光醒来的，下面这些建议，就能让你早起更轻松!

Snooze and Lose: The Need to Know

贪睡与损失：你有必要知道

The old “I’m just too tired” complaint may be more than a sorry excuse for waking up late. Research suggests there are biological differences between early larks, who wake up at the same time every morning and feel most active around 9 AM, and night owls, who get more stuff done once the sun goes down. And it may get easier to greet the day at dawn as we get older, thanks to body clock changes as we age .

那句“我只是太累了”的烂熟抱怨或许不只是晚起的借口那么简单。研究表明，“早起鸟”和“夜猫子”在生物上有着很多区别。“早起鸟”每天早上同一时间清醒，上午9:00时大脑最为活跃;而“夜猫子”的办事效率则在太阳落山后更高。而且，老了以后或许会更容易适应凌晨就醒的状态，毕竟人体生物钟也会随着年龄增大而发生变化。

It turns out the early bird may get more than the worm. According to self-reports from college students, those who wake up earlier feel more optimistic and proactive than those who rise later. Other studies have found morning larks tend to be harder working and conscientious than night owls. (Still, it’s not clear whether waking up early actually makes someone more productive or optimistic.)

事实证明，早起的鸟儿或许真的就能吃到更多的虫子。根据大学生的自我报告，早起的人比晚起的人要更乐观积极。其他研究也发现，“早起鸟”比“夜猫子”更努力更自觉。(不过，早起是否真能让一个人变得更有效率或更加乐观，依然不甚清楚。)

And perhaps the secret to a 4.0 isn’t only hitting the books: Another study of university undergraduates found those who said they function better in the morning received higher grades than those who preferred the evening That’s possibly because morning risers are more likely to get to class on time or to forgo late-night partying. Researchers also suggest memory may improve during sleep, so getting to bed earlier in preparation for a morning alarm could help those exam notes soak in.

或许考高分的秘诀不只是“啃书本”了：大学生的另一项调查发现，那些自称早上头脑更清晰的人，通常也比那些夜晚型的人更容易考高分。这很可能也是因为早起型的人更容易准时上课或不去参加深夜派对吧。研究人员还认为，记忆可能会在睡眠时得到增强，所以早点上床准备第二天早起的话，确实会有助于吸收记忆考试内容吧。

Being a morning person may actually be good for our health, too. When UK researchers questioned adults about their sleep habits, they found people who stay under the covers on the weekdays until 9 AM are more likely to be stressed, overweight, and depressed than those who get up at 7 AM. Another study found teenagers who went to bed and woke up late were less inclined to hit the gym and more likely to be overweight than those who went to bed and woke up early. Talk about waking up on the wrong side of the bed. (Again, remember it’s not clear that waking up early causes stress, depression, or weight gain.)

而且，做一个早起的人确实也有益于身体健康。当英国的研究人员调查成年人的睡眠习惯时，他们发现，工作日赖床赖到9:00的人，比那些7:00就起床的人更容易增加体重、感到沮丧有压力。另有调查发现，较之于早睡早起型，那些晚睡晚起的年轻人不太会去健身运动，自然也就更容易发胖。这正是起不了床又毁了一天的情绪。(当然，早起是否会导致压力、抑郁或体重加剧，依然不甚明确。)

Good Day Sunshine: Your Action Plan

阳光美好的一天：你的行动计划

Night owls aren’t totally out of luck. One study found evening lovers are more productive than morning people are at night. Still, being a morning person may be more advantageous for most people’s work schedules and routines, since the workday typically starts around 9 AM and the office is (usually!) not open at midnight. Regardless of the situation, there are ways to reset the body clock and happily greet the day:

“夜猫子”也不完全一无是处。有项调查发现，“夜猫子”在晚上远比“早起鸟”有效率。不过，对大多数人的工作计划和日常事务而言，早起还是很占优势的，毕竟，工作日上班通常都是9:00开始，而不是半夜!不管怎样，还是有办法调整生物钟，从而开心拥抱新的一天的：

1. Get enough sleep. It may seem obvious, but getting those recommended seven to nine hours will make getting up earlier easier. Pro tip? Keep the laptop and other work out of the bed to sleep soundly.

保证充足睡眠。或许有些老掉牙，但睡足7-9小时确实更容易让你早起。小建议就是，请让笔记本电脑以及其他事务远离床头，酣睡一觉吧!

2. Stay consistent. Try to set the alarm clock for the same time every morning—including weekends. A constant wakeup call may make it progressively easier to jump out of bed.

保持持续一致。每天早上的闹钟都要设成相同的时间——周末也是。坚持早上被这样叫醒，然后你会越来越起得来床。

3. Start slowly. Pick a new wakeup time and gradually work towards it. Want to wake up at 7 AM but stuck at 8? Start by setting the clock for 7:45, and move down in 15-minute increments until that new time goal is reached.

循序渐进。重新定一个起床时间，然后慢慢去适应它。本想7:00起床，却一直赖到了8:00?那就把闹钟调到7:45吧，留15分钟间隙让起床目标更容易实现!

4. Skip the snooze. Disrupting sleep an hour or so before actually getting out of bed may disturb our REM cycle, which helps stimulate brain regions linked to cognition. Don’t want to mess with that (or bug a roommate with multiple alarms!). Set one alarm for when it’s time to rise—and maybe another a few minutes later in case you snooze through.

不要贪睡。还没完全睡醒准备起床却被打扰，这样可能会扰乱人体的REM(快速眼球运动)周期，而REM则会刺激大脑的认知区域。所以不要那样，也不要设太多闹钟搅得室友睡不好觉!只在该起床的时间点设一个闹钟就行了，要是你特容易睡过头，那就再调一个几分钟之后的吧。

5. Set some happy sounds. Skip the beeps and blares and set an alarm tone to something soothing or fun.

选一个愉悦的闹铃。不要再用滴滴滴类的铃声啦，选一个舒缓愉悦的吧。

6. Let in the light. Research shows a little light may be all we need to reset the body block. A simple solution is to keep the blinds open during the night. Or greet the day and brush your teeth outside!

让阳光洒进来。研究发现，稍微一丝光亮或许就足以唤醒人体的生物钟。一个简单的方法就是晚上把窗帘拉开，或者到外面去刷牙!

7. Eat breakfast. Sleepiness doesn’t disappear just from drinking a cup of coffee. Having enough time for some green eggs and ham (or maybe just a yogurt parfait) will also provide energy, not to mention it’ll boost that brainpower, too.

吃早饭。一杯咖啡并不能赶走瞌睡。花时间吃点有营养的鸡蛋汉堡(或乳酪)不仅补充能量，还能增强脑力呢。

8. Hit the gym. Those tired eyes may go away once a morning workout routine is in order. Exercise will definitely boost energy—give these early-bird exercises a try.

运动健身。早上若能安排健身，眼睛或许瞬间就能消除疲劳了。运动毫无疑问可以激发能量——尝试一下“早起鸟”运动吧。

9. Treat yo’self. Have a reward waiting in the a.m. to motivate climbing out of the covers. Dive into some freshly based fruit and nut bars, or slide into a warm bath instead of taking a quick shower.

犒赏自己。早上设一份奖励，激励自己爬出被窝。比如吃点新鲜烘焙的水果和坚果棒，或代之淋浴而泡个温暖的热水澡。

10. J.F.D.I. Sometimes we need to bite the bullet and “just f’ing do it." Researchers have found that creativity may flourish when we feel groggy, so don’t let a little drowsiness interrupt seizing the day!

拿出行动吧!有时我们真的只要咬咬牙“拿出行动”就行了。研究人员还发现，创意很可能会在人们昏昏沉沉时爆发，所以别让顶点的瞌睡毁了新的一天哦!

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